PPI studies

General studies on PPI use

Of course, there is a vast amount of studies on PPI medications done in the world, and we cannot go through all of them. We have however summarized some interesting studies to give you a brief overview. These studies have no connection to the use of IQoro, but focus solely on the function and side effects of PPIs.

Holtmann et al. (2011): Guidance on the Use of Over-the-Counter Proton Pump Inhibitors for the Treatment of GERD

Published in: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2011)

This study provided guidance on the safe and effective use of over-the-counter PPIs for treating GERD. It highlighted that PPIs are very effective when used correctly but should not be used for extended periods without medical supervision. The study stressed the importance of appropriate dosing and duration.
Read the full study

Johnson et al. (2017): The Safety of Appropriate Use of Over-the-Counter Proton Pump Inhibitors: An Evidence-Based Review

Published in: Drugs (2017)

This review summarizes the safety of using over-the-counter PPI medications and offers best practice recommendations for their use. It emphasizes using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration to minimize risks like nutrient deficiencies and rebound effects.
Read the full study

Freedberg et al. (2017): The Risks and Benefits of Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Expert Review and Best Practice Advice From the American Gastroenterological Association

Published in: Gastroenterology (2017)

This expert review discussed both the risks and benefits of long-term PPI use, emphasizing the importance of using these drugs for the right indications. It outlined potential risks, such as nutrient malabsorption and increased infection risks, while also stressing that PPIs can be very effective when used appropriately for conditions like GERD. The study recommended regular reviews of the necessity of continued PPI use to ensure patients receive the most benefit with the least risk.
Read the full study

Yibirin et al. (2021): Adverse Effects Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor Use

Published in: Cureus (2021)

This article reviews a wide range of potential long-term side effects associated with PPI use, including risks of kidney and liver issues, cardiovascular problems, and increased susceptibility to infections. It also discusses concerns about nutrient absorption, such as vitamin B12 and magnesium, and the risk of rebound acid hypersecretion when discontinuing PPIs. The study emphasizes the importance of evaluating the necessity of PPI therapy before starting or continuing long-term treatment.
Read the full study

Wilson et al. (2021): Lansoprazole for Persistent Throat Symptoms in Secondary Care – The TOPPITS RCT

Published in: Health Technology Assessment

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of lansoprazole for treating persistent throat symptoms attributed to reflux, comparing it with a placebo. The study found no significant improvement in throat symptoms with lansoprazole over placebo, suggesting limited benefit from using this PPI for such cases. It highlights the need for alternative approaches for managing throat symptoms often associated with reflux.

Read the full study

Studies on rebound effect and tapering down PPIs

Some studies looking at how to safely come off PPIs and avoid rebound effect.

Reeve et al. (2017): Tapering or Abrupt Cessation of Proton Pump Inhibitors?

Published in: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2017)

This article compared stopping PPI treatment abruptly versus gradually tapering the dose. It found that tapering is more effective at reducing the chance of rebound hyperacidity, a common problem where symptoms return or worsen after stopping PPIs. The authors highlighted that a gradual reduction helps patients better adjust and lowers the risk of symptom flare-ups.
Read the full study

Haastrup et al. (2014): Strategies for Discontinuation of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Published in: Family Practice (2014)

This systematic review explored different approaches to stopping PPI therapy, particularly focusing on gradual tapering versus abrupt cessation. The study concluded that tapering the dose of PPIs is generally more successful in preventing rebound acid hypersecretion and in maintaining symptom control. This is especially useful information for patients who want to reduce or stop their PPI medication while minimizing the risk of symptom flare-ups.
Read the full study

Rochoy et al. (2017): Gastric Acid Rebound After a Proton Pump Inhibitor

Published in: Therapie (2017)

This literature review focused specifically on the rebound effect when stopping PPIs after long-term use. It found that rebound hypersecretion is common if PPIs are discontinued suddenly after more than four weeks of treatment. The authors recommended a gradual reduction of the dosage to avoid symptom flare-ups, making it a useful guide for patients looking to safely discontinue their PPI therapy.
Read the full study

Studies on specific PPI side effects

Some examples of studies looking at side effects like osteoporosis, pneumonia, bacterial growth in the gut and dementia

Lombardo et al. (2010): Increased Incidence of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth During Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy

Published in: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)

This study investigated how long-term PPI use might increase the risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). It concluded that PPI therapy, by reducing stomach acid, may create a favorable environment for bacterial growth in the small intestine. This can lead to symptoms like bloating and discomfort, which are particularly relevant for patients with long-term digestive issues.
Read the full study

Laheij et al. (2004): Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Use of Gastric Acid-Suppressive Drugs

Published in: JAMA (2004)

This study investigated the risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia among users of gastric acid-suppressive drugs, such as PPIs. It found that the reduction in stomach acidity could increase the risk of infections like pneumonia, as the natural barrier of stomach acid against bacteria is weakened. This study is particularly relevant for individuals with respiratory conditions or those at higher risk for infections considering PPI therapy.
Read the full study

Ito & Jensen (2010): Association of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy with Bone Fractures and Effects on Absorption of Calcium, Vitamin B12, Iron, and Magnesium

Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports (2010)

This review focused on the potential impacts of long-term PPI therapy on bone health and nutrient absorption. It discussed the increased risk of bone fractures and the decreased absorption of essential nutrients like calcium, vitamin B12, iron, and magnesium. This study is particularly relevant for middle-aged and older adults, especially women who may already be at higher risk for osteoporosis.
Read the full study

Chen et al. (2020): Clinical Use of Acid Suppressants and Risk of Dementia in the Elderly: A Pharmaco-Epidemiological Cohort Study

Published in: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2020)

This study examined the risk of dementia in elderly patients who used acid-suppressive medications, including PPIs. It found an association between long-term use of these medications and a higher incidence of dementia, particularly in older adults. While it could not establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship, it underscores the need for cautious use of PPIs in elderly populations and the importance of regular medication reviews.
Read the full study

Hwang et al. (2018): Acid Suppressants Use and the Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study

Published in: PLoS One (2020)

This cohort study investigated the association between the use of acid suppressants, including PPIs, and the risk of developing dementia. Using a large population-based sample, the study found a possible increased risk of dementia in long-term PPI users. Although the study could not definitively prove causation, it highlights a potential concern for those using PPIs over a long period, particularly older adults.
Read the full study

An alternative to PPIs

IQoro is an alternative to PPIs that strengthens the weakened muscles that cause the stomach acid to leak up and cause discomfort. This treats the root cause behind your symptoms.

When your muscles get stronger, you can start to slowly come off the medications over time, following the recommended guidelines to avoid rebound effect.

How IQoro works

IQoro activates the nerves and weakened muscles that cause your discomfort.

When you use IQoro regularly, the muscles are strengthened and the discomfort disappears.

The training routine is easy to implement and only takes 30 seconds.

Does IQoro replace medication?

When you start training with IQoro, you may need to continue taking the medication you’re already using alongside the training—until your muscles are strong enough to keep the stomach acid in place.

Over time, you’ll be able to gradually taper off the medication until you eventually replace your PPIs entirely with IQoro training. Be sure not to stop your medication abruptly, as this could lead to what is known as the rebound effect.

Always consult your prescribing doctor if you wish to reduce any prescribed medication.

Government-funded research proves the effect

Studies on training with IQoro are conducted by research teams at Swedish universities with various professions including surgery, ear-nose-throat, speech therapy, gastroenterology, and radiology.

The research is funded by government funding and research foundations.

Read all the published studies here

IQoro studies on the treatment of a hiatal hernia

Three of the studies conducted on the effect of IQoro, focus on the treatment of a hiatal hernia. Here we take a closer look at these studies.

More about PPIs